John Squires
Research Wildlife Biologist
Phone: 406-542-4164
Fax: 406-543-2663
e-mail: jsquires@fs.fed.us
Address:
Rocky Mountain Research Station
800 E. Beckwith Ave.
Missoula, MT 59801, USA
Abbreviated Vitae
CAREER GOAL
- My career goal is to conduct applied wildlife research that addresses the pressing issues confronting the management and conservation of sensitive, threatened, and endangered species. In particular, I am interested in how changes in landscape pattern affect habitat-use, movements, and connectivity of avian and mammalian forest carnivores at varying spatial scales.
CURRENT RESEARCH PROJECTS
- Seasonal changes in resource use of Canada lynx in managed southern boreal forests.
- Lynx demography and population viability analysis.
- Predicting lynx movements relative to landscape pattern.
- Sustaining lynx habitat in managed landscapes.
- Social and spatial structuring of lynx based on based on telemetry and genetic data.
- Probability of detecting lynx using snow-track surveys.
REALIZED MAJOR RESEARCH OUTPUTS
- Squires, J.R., J.P. Copeland, T.J. Ulizio, M.K. Schwartz, and L.F. Ruggiero. In press. Sources and Patterns of Wolverine Mortality in Western Montana. Journal of Wildlife Management.
- Kolbe, J.A., J.R. Squires, D.H. Pletscher, and R.F. Ruggiero. In press. The effect of snowmobile trails on coyote movements within lynx home ranges. Journal of Wildlife Management.
- Squires, J.R., and L.F. Ruggiero. 2007. Lynx prey selection in northwestern Montana. Journal of Wildlife Management 71:310-315.
- Squires, J.R., and P. Kennedy. 2006. Northern goshawk ecology: an assessment of current knowledge and information needs for conservation and management. Studies in Avian Biology 31:8-62.
- Squires, J.R., and L.F. Ruggiero. 1996. Nest-site preference of northern goshawks in southcentral Wyoming. Journal of Wildlife Management 60:170-177.
- Squires, J.R., and R.T. Reynolds. 1997. Northern goshawk (Accipiter gentilis). In The Birds of North America, No. 298. A. Poole and F. Gill (editors). The Academy of Natural Sciences Philadelphia, PA, and The American Ornithologists' Union. Washington, D.C.
KEY SPECIAL ASSIGNMENTS
- Served on the Lynx Science Team 1998-2000
OUTCOMES OF PAST RESEARCH, SPECIAL ASSIGNMENTS, AND TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER
- The Lynx Science Team synthesized the scientific basis for lynx management and conservation in a peer-reviewed book entitled Ecology and Conservation of Lynx in the United States published by University Press of Colorado. This document provided the scientific basis for lynx amendments to forest plans that affected 42 national forests. The Science Team provided scientific review of proposed management standards and guidelines via meetings, conference calls and formal consultations to the Forest Service, BLM and National Park Service.
- Quantified habitat-use relationships of nesting goshawks in southeastern Wyoming using grid-based sampling. This study was one of the first to address search biases when quantifying habitat-use relationships of nesting goshawks.
ANTICIPATED OUTCOME OF CURRENT EFFORTS
- Most aspects of lynx ecology in the contiguous United States were unknown when we initiated our lynx research program in 1997. Our current research program investigates many aspects of lynx ecology including demography, habitat-use at multiple scales, movements, dispersal, relationship to coyotes, and distribution. Results from completed studies have already informed lynx management across millions of acres of federal lands.
- Our study of lynx movements and connectivity will provide framework to predict and model how lynx traverse landscapes within home ranges based on an extensive GPS dataset.
- We will evaluate vegetative and patch characteristics of forest stands used by lynx at a landscape scale within managed stands based on GPS data.
Publications
Squires, J.R., N.J. DeCesare, L.E. Olson, J.A. Kolbe, M. Hebblewhite, S.A. Parks. 2013. Combining resource selection and movement behavior to predict corridors for Canada lynx at their southern range periphery. Biological Conservation 157 (2013) 187-195. Squires, J.R., L.E. Olson, D.L. Turner, N.J. DeCesare & J.A. Kolbe. 2012. Estimating detection probability for Canada lynx Lynx canadensis using snow-track surveys in the northern Rocky Mountains, Montana, USA. Wildl. Biol. 18: 215-224. DOI: 10.2981/10-105 Squires, J.R., N.J. DeCesare, M. Hebblewhite, J. Berger. 2012. Missing Lynx and Trophic Cascades in Food Webs: A Reply to Ripple et al. Wildlife Society Bulletin 36(3):567–571; 2012; DOI: 10.1002/wsb.186 McKelvey, K.S., J.P. Copeland, M.K. Schwartz, J.S. Littell, K.B. Aubry, J.R. Squires, S. A. Parks, M.M. Elsner, and G.S. Mauger. 2011. Climate change predicted to shift wolverine distributions,
connectivity, and dispersal corridors. Ecological Applications 21:2882-2897. Olson L.E., J.R. Squires, N.J. DeCesare, J.A. Kolbe. 2011. Den Use and Activity Patterns in Female Canada Lynx (Lynx
canadensis) in the Northern Rocky Mountains. Northwest Science, Vol. 85, No. 3. Copeland, J. P., K.S. McKelvey, K.B. Aubry, A. Landa, J. Persson, R.M. Inman, J. Krebs, E. Lofroth, H. Golden, J.R. Squires, A. Magoun, M.K. Schwartz, J. Wilmot, C.L. Copeland, R.E. Yates, I. Kojola, and R. May. 2010. The bioclimatic envelope of the wolverine (Gulo gulo): do climatic constraints limit its geographic distribution? Can. J. Zool. 88: 233-246. Schwartz, M.K., J. P. Copeland, N. J. Anderson, J.R. Squires, R.M. Inman, K.S. Mckelvey, K.L. Pilgrim, L.P. Waits, and S. A. Cushman. 2009. Wolverine gene flow across a narrow climatic niche. Ecology, 90(11):3222-3232. Squires, J.R., N.J. Decesare, J.A. Kolbe, and L.F. Ruggiero. 2008. Hierarchical den selection of Canada lynx in western Montana. Journal of Wildlife Management 72:1497-1506. Squires, J.R. 2008. Predicting the effects of forest management on lynx populations. Wild Felid Monitor: Winter 1(1):14. Squires, J.R. 2008. The goshawk - review of a book by Robert Kenward. Condor 110(1):191-193. Schwartz MK, Aubry KB, McKelvey KS., Pilgrim KL,Copeland JP, Squires JR, Inman RM, Wisely SM and Ruggiero LF. 2007. Inferring Geographic Isolation of Wolverines in California
Using Historical DNA. The Journal of Wildlife Management 71:2170-2179. Squires, J.R.,J.P. Copeland, T.J. Ulizio, M.K. Schwartz, and L.F. Ruggiero. 2007. Sources and Patterns of Wolverine Mortality in Western Montana. Journal of Wildlife Management 71:2213-2220. Squires, J.R., and L.F. Ruggiero. 2007. Winter prey selection of canada lynx in northwestern Montana. Journal of Wildlife Management 71:310-315. Kolbe, J. A., J. R. Squires, D. H. Pletscher, and L. F. Ruggiero. 2007. The effect of snowmobile trails on coyote movements within lynx home ranges. Journal of Wildlife Management.71(5):1409-1418 Kolbe, J. A., J. R. Squires. 2007. Circadian activity patterns of Canada lynx in western Montana. Journal of Wildlife Management 71:1607-1611. Kolbe, J. A., and J. R. Squires. 2007. A longevity record for Canada lynx, Lynx canadensis, in western Montana. Western North American Naturalist. 71(5):1607-1611. Squires, J. R., L. F. Ruggiero. 2007. Winter Prey Selection of Canada Lynx in Northwestern Montana. Wildlife Management 71(2):310-315. Squires, J.R, and P.L. Kennedy. 2006. Northern goshawk ecology: an assessment of current knowledge and information needs for conservation and management. Studies in Avian Biology 31:8-62. McKelvey, Kevin S., von Kienast, Jeffrey, Aubry, Keith B., Koehler, Gary M.; Maletzke, Bejamin T., Squires, John R., Lindquist, Edward L., Loch, Steve, Schwartz, Michael K. 2006. DNA Analysis of Hair and Scat Collected Along Snow Tracks to Document the Presence of Canada Lynx. Wildlife Society Bulletin, Vol. 34(2): 451-455 Todd J. Ulizio, John R. Squires, Daniel H. Pletscher, Michael K. Schwartz, James J. Claar, and Leonard F. Ruggiero. 2006. The Efficacy of Obtaining Genetic-Based Identifications from Putative Wolverine Snow Tracks. Wildlife Society Bulletin 34:1326-1334. Squires, J. R., L. F. Ruggiero, J. A. Kolbe, N. J. DeCesare. 2006. Lynx ecology in the intermountain West. USFS Rocky Mountain Research Station, Missoula, MT, 51pp. Squires, J. R. and R. Oakleaf. 2005. Movements of a male Canada lynx crossing the Greater Yellowstone Area, including highways. Northwest Science 79:196-201. DeCesare, N. J., J. R. Squires, and J. A. Kolbe. 2005. Effect of forest canopy on GPS-based movement data. Wildlife Society Bulletin 33:935-941. Squires JR, McKelvey KS, Ruggiero LF. 2004. A snow-tracking protocol used to delineate local lynx, Lynx canadensis, distributions. Canadian Field-Naturalist 118: 583-589. Kolbe, J. A., and J.R. Squires. 2004. Long distance movement by a coyote within the Rocky Mountains. Northwest Science 78(4):344-345. Kolbe, J. A., J.R. Squires, and T. W. Parker. 2003. An effective box trap for capturing lynx. Wildlife Society Bulletin 31:980-985. Ruggiero LF, Schwartz MK, Buskirk SF, Krebs CJ, and Stanley A. 2000. Ecotypic variation and conservation. In: Ruggiero LF, Aubry, K.B., Buskirk, S.F., Krebs, C.J., McKelvey, K.S., Squires, J.R. (ed) The Ecology and Conservation of Lynx. University of Colorado Press, Denver, CO. Aubry, Keith B. , Gary M. Koehler, John R. Squires. 2000. Ecology of Canada Lynx in Southern Boreal Forests. Pp. 373-396. Pages 373-396 in Ruggiero et al., Ecology and Conservation of Lynx in the United States. University Press of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado. McDaniel, G.J., K.S. McKelvey, J.R. Squires, and L.F. Ruggiero. 2000. Efficacy of lures and hair snares to
detect lynx. Wildlife Society Bulletin 2000, 28(1):119-123. Buskirk, S. W., L. F. Ruggiero, K. B. Aubry, D. E. Pearson, J Squires, and K. S. McKelvey. 1999. Comparative ecology of lynx in North America. Pp. 397-417. In L.F. Ruggiero, K.B. Aubry, S.W. Buskirk, G.M. Koehler, C.J. Krebs, K.S. McKelvey, and J.R. Squires (eds.) Ecology and conservation of lynx in the United States. RMRS-GTR-30WWW. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. Ruggiero, L.F. , K.B. Aubry, S.W. Buskirk, G.M. Koehler, C.J. Krebs, K.S. McKelvey, and J.R. Squires (eds.). 1999. Ecology and conservation of lynx in the United States. General Technical Report RMRS-GTR-30WWW. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. Ruggiero, L. F. 1999. Preface: Ecology and Conservation of Lynx in the United States. Pp. 1-4. In L.F. Ruggiero, K.B. Aubry, S.W. Buskirk, G.M. Koehler, C.J. Krebs, K.S. McKelvey, and J.R. Squires (eds.) Ecology and conservation of lynx in the United States. RMRS-GTR-30WWW. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. Ruggiero, Leonard F. and Kevin S. McKelvey. 1999. Toward a Defensible Lynx Conservation Strategy: A Framework for Planning in the Face of Uncertainty. Pp. 5-20. In L.F. Ruggiero, K.B. Aubry, S.W. Buskirk, G.M. Koehler, C.J. Krebs, K.S. McKelvey, and J.R. Squires (eds.) Ecology and conservation of lynx in the United States. RMRS-GTR-30WWW. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. McKelvey, Kevin S., Steven W. Buskirk, Charles J. Krebs 1999. Theoretical Insights into the Population Viability of Lynx. Pp. 21-38. In L.F. Ruggiero, K.B. Aubry, S.W. Buskirk, G.M. Koehler, C.J. Krebs, K.S. McKelvey, and J.R. Squires (eds.) Ecology and conservation of lynx in the United States. RMRS-GTR-30WWW. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. Agee, James K. 1999. Disturbance Ecology of North American Boreal Forests and Associated Northern Mixed/Subalpine Forests. Pp. 39-82. In L.F. Ruggiero, K.B. Aubry, S.W. Buskirk, G.M. Koehler, C.J. Krebs, K.S. McKelvey, and J.R. Squires (eds.) Ecology and conservation of lynx in the United States. RMRS-GTR-30WWW. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. Buskirk, Steven W. 1999. Habitat Fragmentation and Interspecific Competition: Implications for Lynx Conservation. Pp. 83-100. In L.F. Ruggiero, K.B. Aubry, S.W. Buskirk, G.M. Koehler, C.J. Krebs, K.S. McKelvey, and J.R. Squires (eds.) Ecology and conservation of lynx in the United States. RMRS-GTR-30WWW. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. Ruggiero, Leonard F. , Michael K. Schwartz, Keith B. Aubry, Charles J. Krebs, Amanda Stanley, Steven W. Buskirk 1999. Species Conservation and Natural Variation Among Populations. Pp. 101-116. In L.F. Ruggiero, K.B. Aubry, S.W. Buskirk, G.M. Koehler, C.J. Krebs, K.S. McKelvey, and J.R. Squires (eds.) Ecology and conservation of lynx in the United States. RMRS-GTR-30WWW. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. Hodges, Karen E. 1999. Ecology of Snowshoe Hares in Southern Boreal and Montane Forests. Pp. 117-162. In L.F. Ruggiero, K.B. Aubry, S.W. Buskirk, G.M. Koehler, C.J. Krebs, K.S. McKelvey, and J.R. Squires (eds.) Ecology and conservation of lynx in the United States. RMRS-GTR-30WWW. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. McKelvey, Kevin S., K. B. Aubry, and Y. K. Ortega. 1999. History and Distribution of Lynx in the Contiguous United States. Pp. 207-264. In L.F. Ruggiero, K.B. Aubry, S.W. Buskirk, G.M. Koehler, C.J. Krebs, K.S. McKelvey, and J.R. Squires (eds.) Ecology and conservation of lynx in the United States. RMRS-GTR-30WWW. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. Mowat, Garth, Kim G. Poole, Mark O'Donoghue. 1999. Ecology of Lynx in Northern Canada and Alaska. Pp. 265-306. In L.F. Ruggiero, K.B. Aubry, S.W. Buskirk, G.M. Koehler, C.J. Krebs, K.S. McKelvey, and J.R. Squires (eds.) Ecology and conservation of lynx in the United States. RMRS-GTR-30WWW. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. McKelvey, Kevin S., Yvette K. Ortega, Gary M. Koehler, Keith B. Aubry, and J. David Brittell. 1999. Canada Lynx Habitat and Topographic Use Patterns in North Central Washington: A Reanalysis. Pp. 307-336. In L.F. Ruggiero, K.B. Aubry, S.W. Buskirk, G.M. Koehler, C.J. Krebs, K.S. McKelvey, and J.R. Squires (eds.) Ecology and conservation of lynx in the United States. RMRS-GTR-30WWW. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. Squires, John R. and Tom Laurion. 1999. Lynx Home Range and Movements in Montana and Wyoming: Preliminary Results. Pp. 337-350. In L.F. Ruggiero, K.B. Aubry, S.W. Buskirk, G.M. Koehler, C.J. Krebs, K.S. McKelvey, and J.R. Squires (eds.) Ecology and conservation of lynx in the United States. RMRS-GTR-30WWW. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. Apps, Clayton D. 1999. Space-Use, Diet, Demographics, and Topographic Associations of Lynx in the Southern Canadian Rocky Mountains: A Study. Pp. 351-372. In L.F. Ruggiero, K.B. Aubry, S.W. Buskirk, G.M. Koehler, C.J. Krebs, K.S. McKelvey, and J.R. Squires (eds.) Ecology and conservation of lynx in the United States. RMRS-GTR-30WWW. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. McKelvey, Kevin S., Keith B. Aubry, James K. Agee, Steven W. Buskirk, Leonard F. Ruggiero, Gary M. Koehler. 1999. Lynx Conservation in an Ecosystem Management Context. Pp. 397-418. In L.F. Ruggiero, K.B. Aubry, S.W. Buskirk, G.M. Koehler, C.J. Krebs, K.S. McKelvey, and J.R. Squires (eds.) Ecology and conservation of lynx in the United States. RMRS-GTR-30WWW. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. Ruggiero, Leonard F., Keith B. Aubry, Steven W. Buskirk, Gary M. Koehler, Charles J. Krebs, Kevin S. McKelvey, John R. Squires. 1999. The Scientific Basis for Lynx Conservation: Qualified Insights. Pp. 443-454. In L.F. Ruggiero, K.B. Aubry, S.W. Buskirk, G.M. Koehler, C.J. Krebs, K.S. McKelvey, and J.R. Squires (eds.) Ecology and conservation of lynx in the United States. RMRS-GTR-30WWW. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. Aubry,Keith B. , Leonard F. Ruggiero, John R. Squires, Kevin S. McKelvey, Gary M. Koehler, Steven W. Buskirk, Charles J. Krebs. 1999. Conservation of Lynx in the United States: A Systematic Approach to Closing Critical Knowledge Gaps. Pp. 455-470. In L.F. Ruggiero, K.B. Aubry, S.W. Buskirk, G.M. Koehler, C.J. Krebs, K.S. McKelvey, and J.R. Squires (eds.) Ecology and conservation of lynx in the United States. RMRS-GTR-30WWW. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. Ruggiero, Leonard F., Keith B. Aubry, Steven W. Buskirk, Gary M. Koehler, Charles J. Krebs, Kevin S. McKelvey, John R. Squires. 1999. Epilogue: The Scientific Basis for Lynx Conservation: Can We Get There From Here? Pp. 471-474. In L.F. Ruggiero, K.B. Aubry, S.W. Buskirk, G.M. Koehler, C.J. Krebs, K.S. McKelvey, and J.R. Squires (eds.) Ecology and conservation of lynx in the United States. RMRS-GTR-30WWW. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. Squires, J. R., and S. H. Anderson. 1997. Changes in trumpeter swan (Cygnus buccinator) activities from winter to spring in the greater Yellowstone area. American Midland Naturalist. 138(1): 208-214. Squires, J. R., and R. T. Reynolds. 1997. Northern goshawk. Squires, J.R., and R.T. Reynolds. 1997. Northern goshawk (Accipiter gentilis). In The Birds of North America, No. 298. A. Poole and F. Gill (editors). The Academy of Natural Sciences Philadelphia, PA, and The American Ornithologists' Union. Washington, D.C. Squires, J. R., and L. F. Ruggiero. 1996. Nest-site preference of northern goshawks in southcentral Wyoming. Journal of Wildlife Management. 60(1): 170-177. Squires, J. R., and S. H. Anderson. 1995. Trumpeter Swan (Cygnus buccinator) food habits in the greater Yellowstone ecosystems. American Midland Naturalist. 133: 274-282. Squires, J. R., and L. F. Ruggiero. 1995. Winter movements of adult northern goshawks that nested in south-central Wyoming. Journal of Raptor Research. 29(1): 5-9.
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