Dean E. Pearson, Ph.D.

photo of Dean

Research Ecologist

Deputy Program Manager Wildlife and Terrestrial Ecosystems Program

Team leader RMRS Invasive Species Working Group

Team leader WTE Ecology and Management of Invasive Species

Phone: 406-542-4159
Fax: 406-543-2663
e-mail: dpearson@fs.fed.us

Address:
Rocky Mountain Research Station
800 E. Beckwith Ave.
Missoula, MT 59801, USA

CURRICULUM VITAE in pdf format

EDUCATION:
University of Montana, Organismal Biology and Ecology, Ph.D. May 2005
University of Montana, Zoology, M.A.S. May 1995
University of Montana, Wildlife Biology, B.S. March 1992

RESEARCH INTERESTS:

My primary research interest is to advance community ecology through studies of biological invasions and to use this information to improve invasive species management. Biological invasions serve as grand natural experiments that provide unique opportunities to view the processes that structure ecological communities. Even in the most recently assembled natural communities organisms have had hundreds or thousands of years to interact and sort themselves into the modern assemblages we see. This makes it very challenging to identify the relative roles of competition, predation, parasitism, resource availability, etc. in structuring extant communities. However, with biological invasions, it is possible to observe these processes in real time as a novel organism invades, establishes, and dominates (in the case of strong invaders) a new assemblage. It is also possible to see how the assemblage finally settles into a new equilibrium state as the invader's dominance wanes through the ecological and evolutionary adaptation of the community to its presence. Newly hypothesized understandings of these processes can then be tested in the context of directed community assembly through the applied largescale natural experiments that are attempts to manage the invasion problem, for example, classical biological control - the intentional introduction of exotic organisms to manage invasions. Thus, biological invasions offer an opportunity to advance understandings of community ecology that can in turn be tested by applying these understandings to the management of the invasives problem.

EMPLOYMENT/PROFESSIONAL HISTORY:

  • Deputy Program Manager, Wildlife and Terrestrial Ecosystems, RMRS, USDA FS, Oct 2010 to present.
  • Research Ecologist, USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, June 2005 to Oct 2010.
  • Adjunct Faculty, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, April 2012 to present.
  • Faculty Affiliate, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, September 2005 to 2012.
  • Wildlife Biologist, USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, September 1995 to June 2005.
  • Research Assistant, University of Montana, September 1994 to September 1995.
  • Private Contractor, USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, 1995.
  • Biological Technician, Glacier National Park, 1991 to 1994.
  • Teaching Assistant, University of Montana, 1991 to 1993.
  • Biological Technician, Conservation Biology Project, UCLA, stationed in Baja Mexico, Sept. to Dec. 1990.
  • GIS Technician, Glacier National Park, June to September 1990.
  • Biological Technician, Wolf Ecology Project, University of Montana, 1988 to 1989.

PUBLICATIONS

Litt, A., and D. E. Pearson. 2013. Nonnative plants and wildlife in the Intermountain West. Wildlife Society Bulletin In press.

Ortega, Y.K., D.E. Pearson, L.P. Waller, N.J. Sturdevant, J.M. Maron. 2012. Population-level compensation impedes biological control of an invasive forb and indirect release of a native grass. Ecology, 93(4), pp. 783–792.
full text PDF

Pearson, D.E., T. Potter, and J.M Maron. 2012. Biotic resistance: exclusion of native rodent consumers releases populations of a weak invader. Journal of Ecology 100:1383-1390.
full text PDF

Maron, J.L., D. E. Pearson, T. Potter, and Y. K. Ortega. 2012. Seed size and provenance mediate the joint effects of disturbance and seed predation on community assembly. Journal of Ecology 100:1492-1500.
full text PDF

Pearson, D. E., Y. K. Ortega, and S. Sears. 2012. Darwin's naturalization hypothesis up-close: intermountain grassland invaders differ morphologically and phenologically from native community dominants. Biological Invasions 14:901-913.
full text PDF

Zwolak, R., D.E. Pearson, Y.K. Ortega, and E.E. Crone 2012. Mechanisms driving postfire abundance of a generalist mammal. Can. J. Zool. 90: 51-60.
full text PDF

Ortega, Y. K., and D. E. Pearson. 2011. Long-term effects of weed control with picloram along a gradient of spotted knapweed invasion. Rangeland Ecol Manage 64:67–77 | January 2011 | DOI: 10.2111/REM-D-10-00034.1
full text PDF

Pearson, D.E., R.M. Callaway, J.L. Maron. 2011. Biotic resistance via granivory: establishment by invasive, naturalized and native asters reflects generalist preference. Ecology 92:1748-1757.
full text PDF

Pearson, D. E., M. Kim, and J. Butler, eds. 2011. Rocky Mountain Research Station invasive species visionary white paper. Gen. Tech. Rep. RMRS-GTR-265. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. 38 p.
full text PDF

Maron, J. L., and D. E. Pearson. 2011. Vertebrate predators have minimal cascading effects on plant production or seed predation in an intact grassland ecosystem. Ecology Letters 14:661-669.
full text PDF

Bricker, M., D.E. Pearson, and J.L. Maron. 2010. Small mammal seed predation limits the recruitment and abundance of two perennial grassland forbs. Ecology, 91(1), pp. 85-92.
full text PDF

Zwolak, R., D.E. Pearson, Y.K. Ortega, and E.E. Crone. 2010. Fire and mice: Seed predation moderates fire's influence on conifer recruitment. Ecology, 91(4), 2010, pp. 1124-1131.
full text PDF

Ortega, Y.K., and D.E. Pearson. 2010. Effects of picloram application on community dominants vary with initial levels of spotted knapweed (Centaurea stoebe) invasion. Invasive Plant Science and Management 2010 3:70-80.
full text PDF

Pearson, D. E. 2010. Trait- and density-mediated indirect interactions initiated by an exotic invasive plant autogenic ecosystem engineer. American Naturalist 176(4):394-403.
full text PDF

Maron, J. M., D. E. Pearson, and R. Fletcher, Jr. 2010. Counter-intuitive effects of large-scale predator removal on a mid-latitude rodent community. Ecology, 91(12), pp. 3719-3728.
full text PDF

Finch, D.M., D. Pearson, J. Wunderle, and W. Arendt. 2010. Terrestrial animals in the invasive species strategy plan. In: Dix, M.E.; Britton, K., eds. A dynamic invasive species research vision: Opportunities and priorities 2009-29. Gen. Tech. Rep. WO-79. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Research and Development: 43-54.
full text PDF

Pearson, D.E. and Y.K. Ortega. 2009. Managing invasive plants in natural areas: moving beyond control. Pgs. 1-21 in (ed.) Rudolf V. Kingley, Weeds: Management, Economic Impacts and Biology. Nova Publishers, NY.
full text PDF

Pearson, D.E. 2009. Invasive plant architecture alters trophic interactions by changing predator abundance and behavior. Oecologia (2009) 159:549-558.
full text PDF

Crone, E. E., M. Marler, D. E. Pearson. 2009. Non-target effects of broadleaf herbicide on a native perennial forb: a demographic framework for assessing and minimizing impacts. Journal of Applied Ecology 46:673-682.
full text PDF

Pearson, D.E. 2009. Biological invasions on oceanic islands: implications for island ecosystems and avifauna. . Pages 3-14 in Proceedings of the 3rd International Symposium on Migratory Birds. Seabirds in danger: invasive species and conservation of island ecosystems. Keynote address. Mokpo, Korea, 25 September.
full text PDF

Pearson, D. E. and R. M. Callaway. 2008. Weed biocontrol insects reduce native plant recruitment through second-order apparent competition. Ecological Applications, 18(6), pp. 1489-1500.
full text PDF

Pearson, D. E. and R. J. Fletcher, Jr. 2008. Mitigating exotic impacts: restoring native deer mouse populations elevated by an exotic food subsidy. Ecological Applications18 (2):321-334.
full text PDF

Sturdevant, N., S. Kegley, Y. K. Ortega, and D. E. Pearson. 2006. Evaluation of establishment of Cyphocleonus achates and its potential impact on spotted knapweed. USDA FS FHP General Technical Report 06-08:1-9.
full text PDF

Shick, K. R., D. E. Pearson, and L. F. Ruggiero. 2006. Forest habitat associations of the golden-mantled ground squirrel: implications for fuels management. Norwest Science 80:133-139.
full text PDF

Pearson, D. E. and R. M. Callaway. 2006. Biological control agents elevate hantavirus by subsidizing mice. Ecology Letters 9:442-449.
full text PDF

Pearson, D. E., and R. M. Callaway. 2005. Indirect nontarget effects of host-specific biological control agents: implications for biological control. Biological Control 35:288-298.
full text PDF

Ortega, Y. K., and D. E. Pearson. 2005. Weak vs. Strong Invaders of Natural Plant Communities: Assessing Invasibility and Impact. Ecological Applications 15:651-661.
full text PDF

Pearson, D. E. 2005. Biological control is more than just natural enemies. Review of Natural Enemies: an Introduction to Biological Control. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 20: 10-11.
full text PDF

Ortega Y. K., D. E. Pearson, and K. S. McKelvey. 2004. Effects of biological control agents and exotic plant invasion on deer mouse populations. Ecological Applications 14: 241-253.
full text PDF

Pearson, D. E. and R. M. Callaway. 2004. Response to Thomas et al.: biocontrol and indirect effects. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 19:62-63.
full text HTML

Pearson, D. E. and R. M. Callaway. 2003. Indirect effects of host-specific biological control agents. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 18(9):456-461.
full text PDF

Pearson, D. E., Y., K. Ortega, and L. F. Ruggiero. 2003. Trap-induced mass declines in small mammals: mass as a population index. Journal of Wildlife Management 67(4):684-691.
full text PDF

Pearson, D. E., and L. F. Ruggiero. 2003. Transect versus grid trapping arrangements for sampling small mammal communities. Wildlife Society Bulletin 31(2): 454-459.

McKelvey KS, Pearson DE. 2001. Population estimation with sparse data: the role of estimators versus indices revisited. Canadian Journal of Zoology 79: 1754-1765.
full text PDF

Pearson D. E., Y. K. Ortega, K. S. McKelvey and L. F. Ruggiero. 2001. Small mammal communities and habitat selection in Northern Rocky Mountain bunchgrass: Implications for exotic plant invasions. Northwest Science 75: 107-117.
full text PDF

Ortega, Y. K., and D. E. Pearson. 2001. Occurrences of the western skink (Eumeces skiltonianus) in grasslands of western Montana. Northwestern Naturalist 82:125-125.
html

Pearson, D. E., and Y. K. Ortega. 2001. An indirect dispersal pathway for spotted knapweed seeds via deer mice and great-horned owls. Canadian Field-Naturalist 115(2):354.
full text PDF

Pearson, D. E., and L. F. Ruggiero. 2001. Test of the prey-base hypothesis to explain use of red squirrel midden sites by American martens. Canadian Journal of Zoology 79(8):1372-1379.
full text PDF

Pearson D. E., K. S. McKelvey , L. F. Ruggiero. 2000. Non-target effects of an introduced biological control agent on deer mouse ecology. Oecologia 122 : 121-128
full text PDF

Pearson, D. E. 2000. Evidence of red-squirrel fall breeding in western Montana. Canadian Field-Naturalist 114(4):703-704.

Buskirk, S. W., L. F. Ruggiero, K. B. Aubry, D. E. Pearson, J Squires, and K. S. McKelvey. 1999. Comparative ecology of lynx in North America. Pp. 397-417. In L.F. Ruggiero, K.B. Aubry, S.W. Buskirk, G.M. Koehler, C.J. Krebs, K.S. McKelvey, and J.R. Squires (eds.) Ecology and conservation of lynx in the United States. RMRS-GTR-30WWW. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station.
Full Text PDF

Pearson, D. E. 1999. Deer mouse predation on the biological control agent, Urophora spp., introduced to control spotted knapweed. Northwestern Naturalist 80(1): 26-29.
full text PDF

Pearson, D. E. 1999. Small mammals of the Bitterroot National Forest: a literature review and annotated bibliography. USDA Forest Service, General Technical Report RMRS-GTR-25.
pdf

Foresman, K. R., and D. E. Pearson. 1999. Activity patterns of American martens, fishers, snowshoe hares, and red squirrels in westcentral Montana. Canadian Field-Naturalist 113(3):1-4.

Foresman, K. R., and D. E. Pearson. 1998. Comparison of proposed survey procedures for detection of forest carnivores. Journal of Wildlife Management 62(3):1217-1226.

Ruggiero, L. F., D. E. Pearson, S. E. Henry. 1998. Characteristics of American marten den sites in Wyoming. Journal of Wildlife Management 62(2):663-673.
html

GRANTS

  • RMRS Competitive Research Initiative. $127,000. Effects of climate change on the invasiveness and biological control of spotted knapweed. Ortega, Y. K. and D. E. Pearson. 2010. Awarded April 2010.
  • NSF, DEB-0915409, $585,000. Indirect effects of apex predators in a grassland ecosystem. John M. Maron and D. E. Pearson. Awarded September 2009.
  • USDA FS, Rocky Mountain Research Station's FY08 Rangeland Research Competitive Proposals. $27,900.00. Long-term efficacy of broadleaf herbicide treatments for restoration of weed-invaded rangelands. Pearson, D. E., Y. K. Ortega, R. M. Callaway. 2008. Awarded June 2008.
  • USDA FS, Rocky Mountain Research Station Cross-Program Award, $60,000. Native seed mixes for improving invasives management and reducing new invasions following fuels treatments. D. Pearson, R. Callaway, S. Sutherland, M. Harrington, and J. Butler. Awarded July 2007.
  • USDA FS, Rocky Mountain Research Station Cross-Program Award, $63,000. Prediction, detection, and monitoring of invasive species in forests, rangeland, and aquatic ecosystems: A synthesis of RMRS research for marketing, education, and outreach. J. Butler, M. Kim, D. Pearson, S. Sutherland, D. Finch, M. Young, G. Markin, N. Klopfenstein, A. Hudak, B. Richardson, P. Zambino. Awarded July 2007.
  • USDA FS, Native Plant Materials Project, $50,893. Using weed-resistant native seed mixes to restore burned areas: a collaboration between Forest Service Research, University of Montana, and Native Yards. S. Sutherland, R. Callaway, and D. Pearson. Awarded March 2007.
  • USDA, NRI - National Research Initiative and Integrated Programs in Ecological Systems, CSREES-2005- 35101-16040, $300,000.00. Assessing indirect effects of top predators on diversity, productivity, and health of grassland ecosystems. J. Maron and D. E. Pearson. Awarded August 2005
  • USDI-USDA Joint Fire Sciences Program, $162,000. Evaluating effects of fuels treatments on native flora and fauna: restoration in weed-invaded landscapes of the Northern Rocky Mountains. Y. K. Ortega, D. E. Pearson, and D. L. Six. Awarded June 2003.
  • NSF, DEB-0236061, $294,267. Nontarget effects of host-specific biocontrols: direct and indirect effects of biocontrols that subsidize native consumers. R. M. Callaway and D. E. Pearson. Awarded December 2002.
  • USDI National Park Service, Inventory and Monitoring Award, $27,000. Small mammal surveys of Little Bighorn National Monument and Grant-Kohrs Ranch National Historic Site. D. E. Pearson and L. F. Ruggiero. Awarded April 2002.
  • NSF SGER-010889, $22,000. Do Gall Fly-induced Increases in Deer Mouse Populations increase the Prevalence of Hantavirus? R. M. Callaway and D. E. Pearson. Awarded May 2001.

AWARDS

  • National Forest System Invasive Species Program Award for Landscape Restoration and Rehabilitation Against Invasive Species, March 2012, Dr. Dean Pearson, Rocky Mountain Research Station, in recognition of his high level of leadership and expertise on invasion biology and invasive species management, linking management concepts to long-term landscape restoration and rehabilitation.
  • Visionary Science Publication Award, USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, January 2013, for the publication: Pearson, D. E. and R. M. Callaway. 2003. Indirect effects of host-specific biological control agents. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 18(9):456-461.
  • National Academy of Sciences, Kavli Fellow, 5 November 2011.
  • Presidential Early Career Award for Science and Engineering (PECASE). July 2009. "Selection for this award is based on the combination of innovative research at the frontiers of science and technology and community service demonstrated through scientific leadership and community outreach."
  • Deputy Chief's Early Career Scientist Award. Received 25 March 2009 in Washington D.C. This honor was awarded in recognition of significant contributions to the fields of biological control, invasive species ecology, and wildlife biology.
  • Best Scientific Publication Award, USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Feb 2009, for the publication: Ortega, Y.K and D. E. Pearson. 2005. Strong versus weak invaders of natural plant communities: distinguishing invasibility from impact. Ecological Applications 15:651-661.
  • Best Scientific Publication Award, USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, October 2007, for the publication: Pearson, D. E. and R. M. Callaway. 2006. Biological control agents elevate hantavirus by subsidizing mice. Ecology Letters 9:442-449.
  • Merit Award, USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, October 2007, for leaderships of the Invasive Species /Disease Research Team in the Wildlife and Terrestrial Ecosystems Program.
  • Merit Award, USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, August 2007, for role as team leader on the Invasive Species Ecology and Community Dynamics Team and for contributions toward changing paradigms in the field of biological control.
  • Merit Award, USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, March 2006, "for your role on the RMRS Invasives Meeting Team in planning and conducting a workshop to share information, identify needs, and complete a white paper."
  • Early Career Scientist Publication Award, USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, March 2005, for the publication: Ortega, Y. K., D. E. Pearson, and K. S. McKelvey. 2004. Effects of introduced biological control agents and exotic plant invasion on native deer mouse populations. Ecological Applications 14:241-253.
  • Early Career Scientist Publication Award, USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, March 2001, for the publication: Pearson, D. E., K. S. McKelvey, and L. F. Ruggiero. 2000. Non-target effects of an introduced biological control agent on deer mouse ecology. Oecologia 122(1):121-128.

SELECTED PRESENTATIONS

  • Pearson, D.E. 2012. Applying indirect effects theory for improved biocontrol safety and efficacy. Symposium on Improving the Safety and Effectiveness of Biological Control Agents of Weeds in the USA, Annual Meeting of the Entomological Society of America. Noxville, TN, November 14, 2012.
  • Pearson, D.E. 2012. Who has the home team advantage? Applying community assembly rules to invasion. Montana State University Ecology Seminar Series, Bozeman, MT. 2, October 2012.
  • Pearson, D.E. 2012. Biological invasions as natural experiments: plant invasions as insights to predatorprey interactions. Invited presentation Department of Community Ecology Seminar Series, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research, Leipzig, Germany June 14, 2012.
  • Pearson, D. E. 2012. In search of the Holy Grail: seeking a conceptual framework for biological invasions. University of Montana, Organismal Biology and Ecology Seminar Series, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 18 April 2012.
  • Pearson, D. E. and Y. K. Ortega. 2011. A conceptual framework for the ecology and management of invasive species. Invited Presentation University of Montana, College of Forestry and Conservation Seminar Series, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 14 October 2011.
  • Pearson, D. E., Y. K. Ortega. 2011. Ecology and management of invasive species. Invited Presentation. 64th Annual Meeting of the Western Society of Weed Science. March 7-10 2011, Spokane, WA.
  • Pearson, D. E., Y. K. Ortega. 2011. Ecology and management of invasive species: a conceptual framework. Invited Presentation. MPG Ranch Seminar Series. 30 June 2011.
  • Pearson, D. E., Y. K. Ortega, J Hierro, O., Eren 2010. Addressing the global threat of biological invasions: a biogeographic and conceptual approach. Invited Poster Presentation. Kavli Frontiers in Science Symposium. Nov. 6-7, Irvine CA
  • Pearson, D. E. 2009. Nontarget effects of host-specific biological control agents: lessons in applied ecology. Departmental Seminar Series, Washington State University, 19 Oct. 2009, Pullman, WA.
  • Pearson, D. E. 2009. Welcome to my parlor said the spider to the fly: exotic plants alter predator-prey interactions and elucidate trait- and density-mediated indirect effects. EcoLunch Seminar Series, Washington State University, 20 Oct. 2009, Pullman, WA.
  • Pearson D. E., and Y. K. Ortega. 2009. Ecology and Management of Invasive Species. Invited Presentation. Restoring the West Conference 2009 - Peaks to Valleys: Innovative land management for the Great Basin. 27-28 Oct, 2009, Utah State University, Logan, UT.
  • Pearson, D. E. 2009. Biological invasions on oceanic islands: implications for island ecosystems and avifauna. Invited Keynote Address, Proceedings of the 3rd International Symposium on Migratory Birds. Seabirds in Danger: Invasive Species and Conservation of Island Ecosystems. 25 September 2009, Mokpo, Korea.
  • Pearson, D. E. and Y. K. Ortega. 2009. Climate change and exotic weeds: what should we expect? Invited presentation for the United States Fish and Wildlife Service Integrated Pest Management and Invasives Species Coordinating Meeting, 16 July 2009, Great Falls MT.
  • Pearson, D. E. 2009. Biological invasions and avian species: impacts, implications for native communities and management. Invited opening presentation for the Special Symposium - Biological invasions: consequences for native birds in a changing world. 79th Annual Meeting of the Cooper Ornithological Society. April 17 2009, Tucson AZ.
  • Pearson, D. E. and Y. K. Ortega. 2008. A heuristic model for guiding research on the ecology and management of invasive species. Invited presentation Invasive Species in Natural Areas Conference, February 13-14th, Hilton Garden Inn, Missoula, MT.
  • Pearson, D. E. and Y. K. Ortega. 2008. Ecology and management of invasive species. Invited presentation, Montana Weed Control Association, Annual Meeting, January 16th Greatfalls, MT.
  • Pearson, D. E. 2007. Indirect nontarget effects of spotted knapweed biological control agents due to food-web interactions. Invited Presentation Symposium on Biocontrol of Centaurea at the 55th Annual Meeting of the Entomological Society of America, 9-11 Dec. 2007, San Diego, CA.
  • Pearson, D. E., R. M. Callaway, Y. K. Ortega. 2006. Ecological challenges of weed management in natural systems. Invited presentation for Weeds and their Management: A Problem for Wildlife? Special Symposium at the Montana Chapter of the Wildlife Society 2006 Annual Meeting, Helena, Montana 21-22 February 2006.
  • Pearson, D. E., and R. M. Callaway. 2005. Nontarget effects of host-specific biological control agents. Invited Presentation, Montana Weed Control Association Annual Conference, 25 January 2005, Helena, MT, USA.
  • Pearson, D. E., Y. K. Ortega, R. M. Callaway, and K. S. McKelvey. 2004. Indirect effects of host-specific biological control agents. 89th Annual meeting of the Ecological Society of America, Portland, OR, USA.
  • Pearson, D. E. and R. M. Callaway. 2004. Nontarget effects of host-specific biological control agents. Invited Presentation 4th International Symposium on Science and Decision Making in the Biological Control of Weeds. Denver, CO, USA.
  • Pearson, D.E., Y. K. Ortega, K. S. McKelvey, R. M. Callaway, L. F. Ruggiero. 2003. From spotted knapweed to hantavirus: and ecological tail. Invited Presentation for Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Hantavirus Conference, August, 2003. Cascade, MT, USA.
  • Pearson, D.E., K.S. McKelvey, L.F. Ruggiero, and Y.K. Ortega. 2001. Nontarget effects of an introduced biological control agent on deer mouse ecology. 81st Annual Meeting, American Society of Mammalogists, 19 June 2001, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana.
  • Pearson, D. E., Y. K. Ortega, K. S. McKelvey, and L. F. Ruggiero. 2001. Direct and indirect effects of wellbehaved biological control agents on nontarget species - a case study: spotted knapweed, gall flies, and deer mice. International Knapweed Symposium, March 15-16, Coeur d'Alene, Idaho.
  • Pearson, D. E., McKelvey, and L. F. Ruggiero. 2000. Nontarget effects of a "well-behaved" biological control agents: implication for conservation of native communities susceptible to exotic plant invasion. Society for Conservation Biology, 14th Annual Meeting. University of Montana, Missoula, Montana. 10-12 June 2000.
  • Pearson, D.E., and L.F. Ruggiero. 1999. Understanding the relationship between species detection and species abundance: probability of detection as an index for monitoring vertebrate populations. Professional paper presented at the International Monitoring Symposium, Snowbird, Utah. 18-22 October 1999.